Unit 4. Session 2. The best future business.

Situation

Dos chicas leyendo unos documentos.

Listen to the situation.

Eva and Monica have been in London for over eleven weeks and they seem to be more used to their new lives.

Time flies and although they have been there for a short period of time, it seems like centures!

They feel much more comfortable in tiny studio, but it´s cute, and although they have to get up at 7.00 in the morning, they are also quite happy at work. At the weekends, they usually go out with friends and do sightseeing around London and from time to time they even go to a restaurant because it´s too expensive.

One morning, while they were on their way to the company, Eva stopped at a kiosk and took a newspaper.

–Monica, look. Can you imagine what the office of the future will look like?

–Come on Eva, we are running late!

–It's just a second; this is a really interesting article about the office of the future and about the new technologies that we will use!

–OK, if it is so interesting, why don't you buy it so that we can go to work, I don't want to be late!

–OK, let's go...

On their way to the office, Eva keeps thinking about the article and asks Monica:

–Monica, how do you imagine the office of the future? Can you imagine what British Corporation will look like in 2075?

El tiempo vuela

siglos

diminuto

es mono, cuco.

excursiones

de ciento en viento..

parecería

Think about it

And you? How do you imagine the office of the future and about the new technologies that we must use? Do you think it will be different from the ones we have nowadays? Do you think that the coronavirus pandemic will affect the operation of companies? Enter the forum and share your opinion with your classmates.

Coronavirus.jpg

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1.- How to say it: The simple future tense: WILL

Will future tense is used to express future intentions that are decided at the time of speaking (spontaneous offers, promises and decisions).

It is always combined with another verb.

Since WILL is classified as a modal verb (like can, would, could and should) it has the same characteristics:

  1. It does not change in the third person (i.e. Correct: he, she, it WILL work / Incorrect: i.e. he, she, it WILL works)
  2. It is always combined with another verb in the base form (i.e. Correct: I WILL go / Incorrect: I WILL to go)
  3. We don't use it with 'Do or Does' in questions or negatives. (i.e. Correct: WILL she read a book tomorrow? / Incorrect: Does will she read a book tomorrow?
  4. Will is very often used for predictions. (i.e. I think you´ll win a race)
  5. It´s used to make an offer, a promise or a threat. (i.e. I will do my best to help you)
  6. You use WON'T when someone refuses to do something.

    Examples:

    • I will not be (=won´t be) in the office tomorrow. (correct)
      I will be not in the office tomorrow. (Incorrect)
    • They will not stay (=won´t stay) here. (correct)
      They will stay not here. (Incorrect)

Structures of simple future tense:

SENTENCES

Structures of simple future tense

Contractions
AFIRMATIVE (+)

  I/You/He/She/It/We/They will go 

  I/You/He/She/It/We/They´ll go 
NEGATIVE (-)   I/You/He/She/It/We/They will not go    I/You/He/She/It/We/They won´t 
QUESTIONS (?)  Will I/You/He/She/It/We/They go ? 

More examples:

  • The forecast says that tomorrow will be warm and sunny.
  • I don´t think they will complain.
  • She won´t like what you´ve written about her.
  • The President will not be re-elected at the next election.
  • I think you will find the movie interesting.
  • You look tired. I'll finish the dishes for you.
  • My daughter will fall asleep as soon as she is put into bed.
  • Will they win the cup?
    • Yes, they will.
    • No, they won't.
  • Will you tell him the truth?
    • Yes, I will.
    • No, I won't.

Contracciones. Will = ´ll / Are = ´re/ Is = ´s

¿Ganarán la copa?

¿Le dirás la verdad?

With positive contractions WILL becomes 'LL and is joined to the subject: I will go = I´ll go

A Step Ahead

This is a video about past, present and future:

2.- The difference between Future simple "Will" and Present continuous.

Think about it

Differences between future simple "will" and present continuous.

Read the following sentences carefully and answer: What is the difference between them ("will" and "To be +-ing")?

  1. The mobile is ringing. I'll answer it!
  2. The meeting is closing at 17 o'clock.
  3. Charlotte is going to travel to London next winter.

Translation

If you have any problem with the English language, click here to read the translation.

Now it's your turn

Can you extract the rule?
  • We use to talk about predictions or spontaneous decisions.
    • "It's really cold in the office, I close the window."
  • We use to talk about our future intentions.
    • "I learn German next year."
  • We use to talk about things that have been scheduled beforehand.
    • "I my boss at 5 pm at the local restaurant."

programadas de antemano.

sobre nuestras intenciones futuras.

predicciones o decisiones espontáneas.

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Think about it

These are common mistakes made when using the future tense:

  • Matilde going to the museum this morning.
  • You are going to shopping on Sunday.
  • Mr. Johnson will to be back at the office at noon.

Can you correct them?

Translation

If you have any problem with the language, click here to read the translation.

2.1.- Now put it into practice.

Autoevaluación

Complete the following sentences with the future simple "will" and the present continuous:

Remember:

  • Future simple tense ("will") is used to express future intentions that are decided at the time of speaking (spontaneous offers, promises and decisions):
    • Come on, I'll help you with those bags. (seeing that someone is struggling with their shopping bags)
  • Present continuous tense ("to be + verb -ing") refers to fixed future events and emphasises that plans or arrangements have already been made:
    • We are getting married next month. (The wedding has already been arranged)

luchando

enfatiza

  1. Eva (to be promoted) to the sales department next year.
  2. You (meet) your boss tomorrow at noon.
  3. I´m sure you (have) a lovely time in Italy.
  4. My colleague (travel) to Croatia on Monday.
  5. Anne (have) an appointment with their sales representative next week.
  6. According to my planner, my flight (take off) at 7 a.m.

Eva será promovida

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Autoevaluación

Complete the predictions about the future. Use the correct verbs from the box and use contractions if possible.

discover - not do - live - make - not meet - communicate - have - not be - not work.

  1. I'm sure there a more powerful company than Microsoft in 23 years time.
  2. Everybody through their desktop.
  3. Technology time travel possible.
  4. People in offices anymore – they'll work at home.
  5. We probably our boss face to face anymore.
  6. Thanks to medical advances, we probably much longer.
  7. Scientists new technology devices.
  8. People their shopping in supermarkets anymore!

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Autoevaluación

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future tense:

  1. A: I think the office needs some new equipment.

    B: I know. Yesterday, I ordered many things online. They (bring) them tomorrow at noon.

  2. A:  Office´s Eva is on fire!

    B: Oh no!!! I (call) the fire brigade.

  3. A: Why are you wearing your suit?

    B: Because I (go) to leave for a meeting.

  4. A: I think we are lost!

    B: OK, I (find) a policeman to ask for directions.

  5. A: Someone's at the door!

    B: I (go)!

  6. A: How are you going to the office this morning?

    B: Claire (give) me a lift.

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Autoevaluación

Match the sentences in A with the ones in B.

Matching exercise.
A. Match. B.
Can I take a message? a. He will turn 21 in May.
What is Claire studying? b. Yes, I'm going to ask for a pay raise.
What are you doing these Christmas days? c. The forecast said it will be sunny tomorrow.
What will the weather be like tomorrow? d. It will be cold and rainy.
I'd love a cup of coffee e. I'm travelling to New York!
Don't forget to give me your keys. f. No thanks, I'll call back later.
Have you decided what to do? g. No, he isn't. He's going to resign.
How old is your boyfriend? h. The law degree. He wants to be a lawyer.
Look at the blue sky. i. OK! I'll make some for you!
Is Mr. Johnson happy with his new job? j. Don't worry I'll give them to you right now.

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3.- Contracted forms.

Common contracted forms.
POSITIVE CONTRACTIONS. FULL FORM. EXAMPLE.
There's. There is. There's a stapler in my office.
There'll. There will.

In few days, there´ll be a death.
There'd. There had.
There would.		 There'd be an awful lot of high expectations put on you.
That's. That is.
That has.

Uncooperative client - that's rare.
That'll. That will.

Working on a battle plan?

That'sll actually help us pull this off?

That'll happen sooner or later.

That'd. That had.
That would.		 Wednesday at 2 P.M., that'd be great.

 

Common negative contracted forms.
NEGATIVE CONTRACTIONS. FULL FORM. EXAMPLE.
aren't. are not. Mary and Alex aren't coming to the next meeting.
can't. can not. Peter can't understand her.
couldn't. could not. She couldn't do that!
don't. do not. Eva doesn't know the answer.
doesn't. does not. Mr. Johnson doesn't understand why.
didn't. did not. Patrick didn't arrive on time.
hasn't. has not. The order hasn't arrived yet.
hadn't. had not. I hadn't thought about that!
isn't. is not. Charlotte isn't in the lounge, she is outside.
mustn't. must not. You mustn't do that.
needn't. need not. You needn't worry about this arrangement.
shouldn't. should not. You shouldn't smoke in the office!
wasn't. was not. Charlie wasn't having dinner when I arrived.
weren't. were not. We weren't invited to the party.
won't. will not. They won't be able to attend the videoconference.
wouldn't. would not. Mary wouldn't be surprised if she showed up.

engrapadora

importa últimamente.

¿Ideando un plan para que todo salga bien?

Common positive contracted forms.
POSITIVE CONTRACTIONS. FULL FORM. EXAMPLE.
I'm. I am. I'm waiting for my office to arrive.
I'll. I will. I'll see you on Monday in the sales department.
I've. I have. I've got three emails left.
I'd. I had.
I would.		 I'd better leave now. I'd already finished the project when Mr. Johnson arrived.
You're. You are. You're the new CEO, congratulations!
You'll. You will. You'll travel to London next winter.
You've. You have. You've got a really nice office!
You'd. You had.
You would.		 You'd better be on time!
He's. He is.
He has.		 He's on the phone right now. He's been working on the project for a week.
He'll. He will. He will be here on Tuesday evening.
He'd. He had.
He would.		 He'd finished before the meeting began. He'd prefer to meet you later in the day.
She's. She is.
She has.		 She's in a video-conference at the moment. She's had a lot of work lately.
She'll. She will. She'll be with the boss for a couple of days.
She'd. She had.
She would.		 She'd been working for an hour when Peter phoned. She'd like to have a glass of water.
It's. It is.
It has.		 It's been long time since we saw each other last. It's very difficult to concentrate when Mary´s around.
It'll. It will. It'll be ready soon.
It'd. It had.
It would.		 It'd be difficult to explain. It'd been a difficult transaction.
We're. We are. We're working really hard on the project.
We'll. We will. We'll start the meeting when Charlotte is here.
We'd. We had.
We would.		 We'd closed the negotiation when they arrived. We'd better hurry up or we will be late.
We've. We have . We've been waiting for you for an hour!
They're. They are. They're studying Spanish.
They'll. They will. They'll have to finish it very quickly.
They'd. They had.
They would.		 They'd finished lunch when she came home. They'd rather not go to the meeting.
They've. They have. They've got many things to do now.

3.1.- Now put it into practice.

Now it's your turn

Match the contractions in column A with its correct full form in column B.
Matching exercise.
A. Match. B.
That's. a. It is / It has.
There'd. b. They would / had.
She'll. c. That will.
He hasn't. d. He has not.
I'd. e. She will.
We weren't. f. I would / had.
It didn't. g. She is / she has.
They'd. h. There had / would.
She's. i. That is / That has.
That'll. j. We were not.
It's. k. It did not.

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Think about it

Enter the forum and tell your classmates and teacher a little bit about yourself and your future plans or intentions about your future job. Remember to use contractions!

4.- Pronunciation of contractions. Personal forms.

Pronunciation of contractions.

Here you can improve your pronunciation of contractions with these videos. Let´s go..!

5.- Grammar Revision.

You should know

Why don't we revise some of the main grammar points we've seen in this session? Take a look at the following presentation. You might find it interesting.

Grammar Revision.
Text summary

6.- Words you need at work: Money.

How many words related to money do you know? Here you have a few more.

ENGLISH. SPANISH.
NOUNS. SUSTANTIVOS.
Five pounds / a five-pound note. Cinco libras / un billete de cinco libras.
Fifty pence (we usually say 50 p) / a fifty-pence piece. Cincuenta peniques / una moneda de cincuenta peniques.
Coin. Moneda.
Bills / notes billetes (dinero en papel)
Tax. Impuesto.
Salary. Sueldo.
Mortgage. Hipoteca.
Loan. Préstamo.
Currency La moneda (o divisa) nacional
Credit / debit cards
 Tarjetas de crédito / débito
A bank account Una cuenta bancaria
A savings account Una cuenta de ahorros
a checking / current account Una cuenta corriente
wage  Jornal (lo que ganas en una hora o un día).
paycheck
 El cheque de pago.
VERBS. VERBOS.
Borrow sth. from sb. Tomar prestado.
Charge (for) sth. Cobrar (por).
Cost. Costar.
Lend sth. to sb. Prestar.
Owe. Deber.
Pay (back). Devolver.
Pay (for) sth. Pagar (por) algo.
Pay in cash / by credit card. Pagar en efectivo / con tarjeta.
Save (up). Ahorrar.
Spend money on sth. Gastar dinero.
Waste. Malgastar.
Earn money Ganar dinero.
to be rich / wealthy Ser rico, acomodado. Fíjate, como menciono en el video, que wealthy es distinto que healthy de “sano”.
to be broke Estar sin dinero, estar a dos velas. Siempre tengo que convencer a la gente de que es broke y no es broken. Si dices broken de una persona, suena que está psicológicamente destrozada.
to get by Apañarse, llegar a fin del mes.
to make ends meet También apañarse, pero suena algo más difícil y menos positivo que la otra expresión. Llegar a fin de mes.
ADJECTIVES. ADJETIVOS.
Free. Gratis.
Cheap. Barato.
Reasonable. Razonable, moderado.
(Quite / very / incredibly) expensive. (Bastante / muy / increíblemente) caro.
EXPRESSIONS. EXPRESIONES.
I can't afford it. No me lo puedo permitir.
It's worth a lot of money. Vale mucho dinero.
How much is that worth? ¿Cuánto vale?

Think About It

Is the same "Earn money" and "Win money"?

A Step Ahead

If you want to learn more on the subject of money, check out the following website.

Money vocabulary.

6.1.- Money expressions.

For any business, keeping costs at a minimum is easier said than done. There is always the temptation to spend more on marketing and advertising in the hope that this will generate a quick return on the investment, but this strategy often does not work in a competitive business sector.

Sometimes we want to repeat something that we have just said or that somebody else has said. Fortunately, there are many phrases in English that we can use to introduce this.

Money.jpg

Paraphrasing expressions.
English. Spanish.
So you mean…. Lo que quieres decir...
What you mean is… Lo que quieres decir...
What you're saying is… Lo que quieres decir...
So what you mean to say is… Lo que quieres decir...
Let me get this clear… Permíteme aclarar algo...
Let me get this straight,… Permíteme aclarar algo...
Basically,... En principio...
In a nutshell,... En dos palabras...
To paraphrase,... Para decirlo de otro modo...
To put it another way,... Para decirlo de otro modo...
What it all boils down to is... En resumidas cuentas...
To sum up (then)... Para resumir...
In other words,... En otras palabras...
What this means is (that)... Lo que significa es que...
Put it this way... Digámoslo así..., Digamos que ...
Look at it this way... Considerémoslo así.., Míralo de esta manera.

Think About It

People usually say: Don´t put all the eggs in the same basket!

Do you know what diversification is?

Diversifying your income stream to make more money in business is old advice, but in tough economic times, it's advice worth taking. 

Diversification is a risk management strategy that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio. A diversified portfolio contains a mix of distinct asset types and investment vehicles in an attempt at limiting exposure to any single asset or risk.

Translation

6.2.- How to save money.

n.rojos.jpgDo you need to get out of the red and into the black? You might find some of the following tips very useful.

  1. Use cash instead of credit.

    Don't carry your credit cards with you - this will make you think before you make a purchase.

  2. Have meatless days.

    We go meatless a couple of times a week. We started doing it during times when we needed to watch our money, and even now that we don't have to so much, we still do it! Have spaghetti without meat, stir-fried veggies or baked potatoes topped with broccoli and melted cheese.

  3. Glamorous for less.

    Ask your salon if it has a training night. Hairdressers-in-training often cut your hair just as well as your fully trained hairdresser would (they're supervised by senior staff), but for a fraction of the usual cost.

  4. Take packed lunches.

    When I go grocery shopping, I buy food that I can keep at work - soups, frozen meals, snacks, etc. I find that I can save up to £30 a week.

  5. Rummage for bargains.

    Go to car boot sales. I use the Internet to check different newspapers for sales in a larger area than where I live. We have saved hundreds of pounds over the years by doing this. It's also great fun!

  6. Get something back from your credit cards.

    I suggest finding a credit card that offers some type of reward (cashback, phone discounts, etc.).

  7. Sign on for freebies.

    My sister-in-law and I have learned that if we really like a product, we can call the company and ask to be put on their free sample list, and also ask for coupons. Between the two of us, we've received over 75 free coupons.

¿Necesitas salir del rojo (AL DESCUBIERTO)

You Should Know

Discuss in the forum. Do you agree with the following statements? Give reasons and try to use expressions from the table above.

  • Money always brings happiness.
  • Time is more valuable than money.

6.3.- Now you put it into practice!

Now it's your turn!

Fill in the gaps using the past tense of the verbs from the box. Be careful, most of them are irregular.

buy, spend, lose, pay, sell, win, waste, find, give, lend

  1. Catty was very upset when She her iphone in the office. Fortunately somebody it the next day and it to her.
  2. They over £739 for my TV, but it isn't worth very much now.
  3. My granparents me $37 last week, but I most of it on a handbag.
  4. My flat was too small, so I it and a new one.
  5. Last week I £2000000 on the lottery.
  6. I'm afraid I my money on those shoes, because I'm never going to use them.

no vale la pena

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Now It's Your Turn!

Complete the following sentences with prepositions.

  1. Rose spent a lot of money jewelry last month.
  2. Paula paid over £834 her imac.
  3. When is Charlotte going to pay you the money we lent her?
  4. I can't believe we charged us $28 a burger.
  5. Would we lend money your best friend?
  6. We don't like to borrow money the bank.

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Match the words with pictures.

    Vocabulary exercises to help learn words to talk about money. Match the words and pictures.

    Exercise.

    Appendix.- Licences of resources.

    Licences of resources.
    Resource (1) Resource information (1) Resource (2) Resource information (2)
    Hombre pensando.

    By: Alejando Dagnino J.

    License: CC by-nnc 2.0.

    From: http://www.flickr.com/photos/adagnino/4420032709
    /in/photostream/

    		 Dibujo de dos ejecutivos dándose la mano.

    By: Steve Bowbrick.

    License: CC by nc-sa 2.0.

    From: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bowbrick/
    124554954
    Foto de una reunión en un despacho. Un hombre está tras la mesa y sentadas delante de él, al otro lado de la mesa, vueltas a cámara, dos chicas jóvenes con documentos en la mano, para empezar la reunión. Todos sonríen.

    By: tomt6788.

    License: CC by nc-2.0.

    From: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ttdesign/
    424554614528/

    		 Niño mirando fijamente un lápiz.

    By: Clover_1.

    License: CC by-nc 2.0.

    From: http://www.flickr.com/photos/clover_1/
    2456769/
    Autoestopista con un cartel con la palabra Future.

    By: Vermin Inc.

    License: CC by-nc-sa 2.0.

    From: http://www.flickr.com/photos/vermininc/2337307518
    /in/photostream/

    		 Cuadro abstracto en tonos azules.

    By: Mushon.

    License: CC by -nc-sa 2.0.

    From: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mushon/
    108764781
    Dibujo de un corazón.

    By: Sara Björk.

    License: CC by 2.0.

    From: http://www.flickr.com/photos/aegishjalmur/
    2215008038/

    		 Lápiz de ejercicios.

    By: Zrady.

    License: CC by-nc 2.0.

    From: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ozlady/
    12563268/
    Cartel que indica sala de pronunciación.

    By: Steve Bowbrick.

    License: CC by nc-sa 2.0.

    From: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bowbrick/
    3215454954

    		 Ordenador portátil.

    By: ComputerMonger.

    License: CC by-sa 2.0.

    From: http://www.flickr.com/photos/computermonger
    /2581373471/
    Imagen abstracta. Un círculo central, del que parten lineas en todas las direcciones. Arriba una lo une con otro círculo más pequeño, abajo, con un cubo y una pirámide.

    By: Bopuc.

    License: CC by 2.0.

    From: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bopuc/194861760/

    		 Dibujo de trazo infantil en el que se ve un monigote en una caldera sobre el fuego, junto al texto en inglés 'There is a special place in hell for acronym abusers

    By: Bopuc.

    License: CC by 2.0.

    From: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bopuc/194861760/
    Acrónimo con explicación de sus sílabas.

    By: Idiolector.

    License: CC by-nc-sa 2.0.

    From: http://www.flickr.com/photos/idiolector/
    3164431662/

    		 Cartel con un mensaje en inglés: The future is here. El futuro está aquí.

    By: Gwire.

    License: CC by 2.0.

    From: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gwire/
    3397651143